Modern Times: The World From the Twenties to the Nineties (166 page)

43 Ibid., 126.

44 Ibid., 265–6.

45 Kennan, Memoirs 1925–1950, 133–4.

46 R.J.M.Butler,
Grand Strategy
(London 1957), II 543–4.

47 Carlton, op. cit., 184–5. Harvey’s uncensored
Diaries
are London, British Library, Add. MS 56398.

48 A.J.P.Taylor,
Beaverbrook
(London 1972), 487.

49 Churchill,
War Memoirs
, x 210.

50 See F.H.Hinsley
et al., British
Intelligence in the Second World
War (London 1981), II.

51 Haggie, op. cit.; Neidpath, op. cit.

52 Nish, op. cit., 232.

53 Ibid., 242.

54 Ibid., 246; B. Martin,
Deutschland
und japan in 2. Weltkrieg
(Gottingen 1969), chapter 1.

55
Kennan
,
Memoirs 1925–1950
, 135.

56 Tolland, op. cit., 244.

57 Ibid., 95.

58
Nobutaka Ike
,
Japan’s Decision for War: records of the 1941 policy
conferences
(Stanford 1967), 133ff.; Mosley, op. cit., 215.

59 Mosley, op. cit., 207 and footnote.

60 Tolland, op. cit., 94, 148; Mosley, op. cit., 200 footnote.

61 Barbara Teters, ‘Matsuoka Yusuke: the diplomacy of bluff and gesture’ in R.B.Burns and E.M.Bennett (eds),
Diplomats in
Crisis: United States, Chinese, Japanese Relations 1919–1941
(Oxford 1974).

62 Tolland, op. cit., 75 footnote, 77.

63 Robert Craigie,
Behind the Japanese Mask
(London 1945).

64 Nish, op. cit., 235.

65 Tolland, op. cit., 179 and footnote.

66 R. J. C. Butow,
Tojo and the Coming of War
(Princeton 1961), 172.

67 Ike, op. cit., 151 footnote 36; Mosley, op. cit., 216–20.

68 Mosley, op. cit., 200.

69 Tolland, op. cit., 112.

70 Ike, op. cit., 188.

71 Tolland, op. cit., 133.

72 Ibid., 47, 68 footnote.

73 Ibid., 82.

74 Ike, op. cit., 201.

75 Ibid., 189–92.

76 Mosley, op. cit., 205 footnote.

77 Tolland, op. cit, 150 footnote.

78 Ibid., 225, 235ff.

79 Ike, op. cit., 233.

80 Tolland, op. cit., 273–5.

81
Martin
,
Deutschland und Japan
, chapter 1.

82 See Masatake Okumiya,
Midway:
the Battle that Doomed Japan
(Annapolis 1955).

83 Tolland, op. cit., 339.

84 Hans-Adolf Jacobsen,
1939–1945:
Der Zweite Weltkrieg in Chronik und Dokumenten
(Darmstadt
1961) 290.

85 Hillgruber, op. cit.,
96
.

12 Superpower and Genocide

1
George Bruce
,
Second Front Now: the Road to D-Day
(London
1979); Ian Colvin,
Flight 777
(London 1957) for Leslie Howard.

2 Tolland, op. cit., 75—6 and footnote.

3 Ibid., 441–4; Burke Davis,
Get Yamamoto
(New York 1969).

4 Barbara Tuchman,
The
Zimmerman Telegram
(New York
1958).

5 David Kahn, ‘Codebreaking in World Wars I and II: the Major Successes and Failures, their Causes and their Effects’,
Cambridge Historical Journal
, September 1980.

6 Richard Woytak,
On the Border of
War and Peace: Polish Intelligence and Diplomacy in 1939 and the Origins of the Ultra Secret
(Boulder 1979).

7 It was first revealed by F.W.Winterbotham,
The Ultra Secret
(London 1974), written from memory.

8
Ralph Bennett, ‘Ultra and Some Command Decisions’
,
Journal of Contemporary History
,
16 (1981), 131–51
.

9
Vice-Admiral B.B.Schofield, The Defeat of the U-boats During World War Two’, ibid., 119–29; P.Beesley
,
Very Special Intelligence
(London 1977), 152–85; see also Jürgen Rohwer and Eberhard Jackel (eds)
,
Die Funkaufklarung und ihre Rolle in 2 Weltkrieg
(1979), report on international conference held 15–18 November 1978 on reasons for U-boat defeat
.

10
John Masterman
,
The Double-Cross System in the War of 1939–1945
(Yale 1972)
.

11
Edward Van Der Rhoer
,
Deadly Magic: a personal account of communications intelligence in World War Two in the Pacific
(New York 1978); W.J.Holmes
,
Double-Edged Secrets: US Naval Intelligence Operations in the Pacific during World War Two
(Annapolis 1979)
.

12
Harold Deutsch,’The Historical Impact of Revealing the Ultra Secret’, US Army War College:
Parameters
,
VII 3 (1978)
.

13
Tolland, op. cit, 444–6
.

14
Milward
,
German Economy at War
.

15
Andreas Hillgruber
,
Hitlers Strategie: Politik und Kriegführung 1940 bis 1941
(Frankfurt 1965), 38 footnote; Fest, op. cit., 1179–80, note 11
.

16
Quoted in Seaton
,
Stalin as Warlord
,
263
.

17
Fest, op. cit., 980
.

18
Ibid., 974
.

19
Tolland, op. cit., 327
.

20
Susman (ed.), op. cit
.

21
Charles Murphy, ‘The Earth Movers Organize for War’
,
Fortune
,
August-October 1943
.

22
Gilbert Burck, ‘GE Does IT’
,
Fortune
,
March 1942
.

23
Tolland, op. cit., 426
.

24
Ike, op. cit., xxvi; Bruce, op. cit., for Churchill episode
.

25
See Geoffrey Best
,
Humanity in Warfare
(London 1981); and the article by Hans Blix in
British Yearbook of International Law
(London 1978)
.

26
Charles Webster and Noble Frankland
,
The Strategic Air Offensive Against Germany
,
4 vols (London 1961), I 323
.

27
Ibid., III 287; Taylor
,
English History 1914-45
,
693
.

28
Taylor
,
English History, 1914–45
,
692, footnote 4
.

29
David Irving
,
The Destruction of Dresden
(London 1963), 44–5; Martin Middlebrook
,
The Battle of Hamburg
(London 1980)
.

30
Irving, op. cit., 51–2, 99–100
.

31
Ibid., 154–8, 175, 142–3
.

32
Hugo Young, Brian Silcock and Peter Dunn
,
Journey to Tranquillity: the History of Man’s Assault on the Moon
(London 1969), 29–32
.

33
David Irving
,
The Mare’s Nest
(London 1964), 299, 306–14
.

34
Nils Bohr and J. A. Wheeler
,
Physics Review
,
56 (1939), 426
.

35
Margaret Gowing
,
Britain and Atomic Energy, 1939–1945
(London 1964), 54
.

36
See Freeman Dyson
,
Disturbing the Universe
(New York 1979)
.

37
Gowing, op. cit., 45–51
.

38
Ibid., 76–8
.

39
Richard Hewlett and Oscar Anderson
,
The New World 1939–1946
(Washington DC 1972)
.

40
Stephane Groueff
,
Manhattan Project
(Boston 1967), 62; Leslie Groves
,
Now It Can Be Told: the Story of the Manhattan Project
(New York 1962), 107
.

41
Peter Pringle and James Spigelman
,
The Nuclear Barons
(London 1982), 26ff
.

42
David Holloway, ‘Entering the Nuclear Arms Race: the Soviet Decision to Build the Atomic Bomb 1939–45’
,
Working Paper N. 9
,
Woodrow Wilson Center (Washington DC 1979)
.

43
Strobe Talbot (ed.)
,
Khrushchev Remembers: the Last Testament
(London 1974), 60
.

44
Deborah Shapley, ‘Nuclear Weapons History: Japan’s Wartime Bomb-projects Revealed’
,
Science
,
13 January 1978
.

45
Rauschning, op. cit
.

46
Nolte, op. cit., 234
.

47
Mussolini
,
Opera Omnia
,
XXXI 223
.

48
Ibid., XXXII 1–5, 190
.

49
Fest, op. cit., 1031
.